Use a sheet of black cloth, you can buy a variety of different fabrics from a sewing shop very cheaply. That and a few carborad boxes to drape it over works quite well. For bigger stuff, drape it over a clothes drying rack or similar. Depending on hte size of the subject, you could use some black clothing you already posess.
Use of flash (not at slow-synch speed) can often render the background black, depending on how you're using the flash and where it is relative to the subject.
Our member Rudra Sen showed us a great use for a bit of glass. Take a sheet of glass (taking one from an old picture frame is a cheap easy source), paint one side of it matt black, use as a base for still life painted side down. The black painted side gives a black mirror effect and also kills any reflection you would otherwise get from the underside face of the glass.
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