[robski]

I think in the strictest sense all images are manipulated with or without your knowledge. Like Don I used to have a darkroom and many of the tricks done in PS are based on darkroom technique. Even the choice of photo paper, matte or glossy changes the image contrast.

Sure if the image is exposed in the middle of the tonal curve and is free of dust etc it makes life easier to get a good print. No all subjects fit onto the photographic medium and needs a helping hand.

In my opinion manipulation is where it goes beyond simple corrections and intends to deceive the viewer or purely for some effect.